[Progress of intraosseous basivertebral nerve ablation for symptomatic Modic alterations].

Chronic lumbar and back pain caused by degenerative vertebral endplates presents a challenging issue for patients and clinicians. As a new minimally invasive spinal treatment method, radiofrequency ablation of vertebral basal nerve in bone can denature the corresponding vertebral basal nerve through radiofrequency ablation of degenerative vertebral endplate. It blocks the nociceptive signal transmission of the vertebral base nerve, thereby alleviating the symptoms of low back pain caused by the degenerative vertebral endplate. At present, many foreign articles have reported the operation principle, operation method, clinical efficacy and related complications of radiofrequency ablation of the vertebral basal nerve. The main purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current relevant research, and provide a reference for the follow-up clinical research.

Boosting the Faradaic Efficiency of Br--Mediated Photoelectrochemical Epoxidation by Local Acidity on α-Fe2O3.

The redox mediated photoelectrochemical (PEC) or electrochemical (EC) alkene oxidation process is a promising method to produce high value-added epoxides. However, due to the competitive reaction of water oxidation and overoxidation of the mediator, the utilization of the electricity is far below the ideal value, where the loss of epoxidation's faradaic efficiency (FE) is ≈50%. In this study, a Br-/HOBr-mediated method is developed to achieve a near-quantitative selectivity and ≈100% FE of styrene oxide on α-Fe2O3, in which low concentration of Br- as mediator and locally generated acidic micro-environment work together to produce the higher active HOBr species. A variety of styrene derivatives are investigated with satisfied epoxidation performance. Based on the analysis of local pH-dependent epoxidation FE and products distribution, the study further verified that HOBr serves as the true active mediator to generate the bromohydrin intermediate. It is believed that this strategy can greatly overcome the limitation of epoxidation FE to enable future industrial applications.

C3aR in the medial prefrontal cortex modulates the susceptibility to LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors through glutamatergic neuronal excitability.

Complement activation and prefrontal cortical dysfunction both contribute to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD), but their interplay in MDD is unclear. We here studied the role of complement C3a receptor (C3aR) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and its influence on depressive-like behaviors induced by systematic lipopolysaccharides (LPS) administration. C3aR knockout (KO) or intra-mPFC C3aR antagonism confers resilience, whereas C3aR expression in mPFC neurons makes KO mice susceptible to LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors. Importantly, the excitation and inhibition of mPFC neurons have opposing effects on depressive-like behaviors, aligning with increased and decreased excitability by C3aR deletion and activation in cortical neurons. In particular, inhibiting mPFC glutamatergic (mPFCGlu) neurons, the main neuronal subpopulation expresses C3aR, induces depressive-like behaviors in saline-treated WT and KO mice, but not in LPS-treated KO mice. Compared to hypoexcitable mPFCGlu neurons in LPS-treated WT mice, C3aR-null mPFCGlu neurons display hyperexcitability upon LPS treatment, and enhanced excitation of mPFCGlu neurons is anti-depressant, suggesting a protective role of C3aR deficiency in these circumstances. In conclusion, C3aR modulates susceptibility to LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors through mPFCGlu neuronal excitability. This study identifies C3aR as a pivotal intersection of complement activation, mPFC dysfunction, and depression and a promising therapeutic target for MDD.

Mediating the Role of Perceived Social Support Between Frailty and Self-Perceived Burden in Elderly Patients with Diabetes.

Objective: To explore the mediating effects of perceived social support between frailty and self-perceived burden (SPB) in elderly patients with diabetes and to provide a theoretical basis for reducing that burden. Methods: A total of 169 elderly patients with diabetes who were hospitalised in the endocrinology department of a third-class hospital in Wuxi between May 2020 and July 2022 were included in this study using the convenience sampling method. Patients were assessed by the general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Tilburg frailty inventory (TFI), the Self-Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS) and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). The SPSS 22.0 software was used for Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Model four of the SPSS PROCESS was used for mediating the effect analysis. Results: The SPBS of elderly patients with diabetes was positively correlated with the TFI (P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the PSSS (P < 0.01). The results of the Bootstrap test showed that the mediating effect of the PSSS on the relationship between the TFI and the SPBS in elderly patients with diabetes was 0.296 (95% CI: 0.007, 0.066), and the mesomeric effect accounted for 17.3% of the total effect. Conclusion: The debilitation of elderly patients with diabetes can be reduced by decreasing their SPB through perceived social support. This can be achieved through comprehensive interventions by nurses.

Isoprenoid flavonoids isolated from Sophora davidii and their activities induces apoptosis and autophagy in HT29 cells.

Four previously undescribed isoprenoid flavonoids (2-5) were isolated from Sophora davidii, along with five known analogues. The structures of the compounds were established through comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and absolute configurations determined by theoretical calculations, including ECD and NMR calculation. The cytotoxic effects of the isolated compounds on human HT29 colon cancer cells were evaluated using the MTT assay, compound 1 exhibited cytotoxicity against human HT29 colon cancer cells with an IC50 value of 8.39 ± 0.09 µM. Studies conducted with compound 1 in HT29 cells demonstrated that it may induce apoptosis and autophagy in HT29 by promoting the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK and inhibiting the phosphorylation of Erk MAPK.

[Cadmium Phytoremediation Effect of Sweet Sorghum Assisted with Citric Acid on Typical Parent Soil in Southern China].

Sweet sorghum has a large biomass and strong cadmium (Cd) absorption capacity, which has the potential for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil. In order to study the Cd phytoremediation effect of sweet sorghum assisted with citric acid on the typical parent materials in southern China, a field experiment was carried out in two typical parent material farmland areas (neutral purple mud field and jute sand mud field) with Cd pollution in Hunan Province. The results showed that:① Citric acid had no inhibitory effect on the growth of sweet sorghum. After the application of citric acid, the aboveground biomass of sweet sorghum at the maturity stage increased by 10.1%-24.7%. ② Both sweet sorghum planting and citric acid application reduced the soil pH value, and the application of citric acid further reduced the soil pH value at each growth stage of sweet sorghum; this decrease was greater in the neutral purple mud field, which decreased by 0.24-0.72 units. ③ Both sweet sorghum planting and citric acid application reduced the total amount of soil Cd, and the decreases in the neutral purple mud field and jute sand mud field were 23.8%-52.2% and 17.1%-31.8%, respectively. The acid-extractable percentage of soil Cd in both places increased by 38.6%-147.7% and 4.8%-22.7%, respectively. ④ The application of citric acid could significantly increase the Cd content in various tissues of sweet sorghum. The Cd content in the aboveground part of the plant in the neutral purple mud field was higher than that in the jute sand mud field, and the Cd content in stems and leaves was 0.25-1.90 mg·kg-1 and 0.21-0.64 mg·kg-1, respectively. ⑤ After applying citric acid, the Cd extraction amount of sweet sorghum in neutral purple mud soil in the mature stage reached 47.56 g·hm-2. In summary, citric acid could enhance the efficiency of sweet sorghum in the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil, and the effect was better in neutral purple mud fields. This technology has the potential for remediation coupled with agro-production for heavy metal-contaminated farmland.

Exogenous melatonin improves germination rate in buckwheat under high temperature stress by regulating seed physiological and biochemical characteristics.

The germinations of three common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) varieties and two Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) varieties seeds are known to be affected by high temperature. However, little is known about the physiological mechanism affecting germination and the effect of melatonin (MT) on buckwheat seed germination under high temperature. This work studied the effects of exogenous MT on buckwheat seed germination under high temperature. MT was sprayed. The parameters, including growth, and physiological factors, were examined. The results showed that exogenous MT significantly increased the germination rate (GR), germination potential (GP), radicle length (RL), and fresh weight (FW) of these buckwheat seeds under high-temperature stress and enhanced the content of osmotic adjustment substances and enzyme activity. Comprehensive analysis revealed that under high-temperature stress during germination, antioxidant enzymes play a predominant role, while osmotic adjustment substances work synergistically to reduce the extent of damage to the membrane structure, serving as the primary key indicators for studying high-temperature resistance. Consequently, our results showed that MT had a positive protective effect on buckwheat seeds exposed to high temperature stress, providing a theoretical basis for improving the ability to adapt to high temperature environments.

Decoupling cell size homeostasis in diatoms from the geometrical constraints of the silica cell wall.

Unicellular organisms are known to exert tight control over their cell size. In the case of diatoms, abundant eukaryotic microalgae, two opposing notions are widely accepted. On the one hand, the rigid silica cell wall that forms inside the parental cell is thought to enforce geometrical reduction of the cell size. On the other hand, numerous exceptions cast doubt on the generality of this model. Here, we monitored clonal cultures of the diatom Stephanopyxis turris for up to 2 yr, recording the sizes of thousands of cells, in order to follow the distribution of cell sizes in the population. Our results show that S. turris cultures above a certain size threshold undergo a gradual size reduction, in accordance with the postulated geometrical driving force. However, once the cell size reaches a lower threshold, it fluctuates around a constant size using the inherent elasticity of cell wall elements. These results reconcile the disparate observations on cell size regulation in diatoms by showing two distinct behaviors, reduction and homeostasis. The geometrical size reduction is the dominant driving force for large cells, but smaller cells have the flexibility to re-adjust the size of their new cell walls.

Influencing Factors of Delirium during Recovery in Urological Postoperative Patients Undergoing Sevoflurane Anaesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the incidence and influencing factors of delirium during recovery in urological postoperative patients undergoing sevoflurane anaesthesia. METHODS: The clinical data of patients undergoing sevoflurane anaesthesia in the urology surgery department in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were retrospectively analysed. The incidence of delirium during the recovery period was recorded by using the Chinese version of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) for Severity of Delirium after surgery, and the patients were divided into occurrence and non-occurrence groups. Whether delirium occurred during recovery was determined through univariate analysis. In binary logistic regression analysis, the occurrence of emergence delirium was the dependent variable, and the variables with statistical differences in the univariate analysis were the independent variables. The influencing factors of emergence delirium in post-urological surgery patients who underwent sevoflurane anaesthesia were determined. RESULTS: Delirium during recovery occurred in 10 of 100 patients (10.00%). Odds ratio (OR) of age (OR = 1.445, p = 0.022), history of diabetes (OR = 1.798, p = 0.010), operation time (OR = 1.670, p = 0.008), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification (OR = 1.740, p = 0.006) and sevoflurane inhalation concentration (OR = 1.890, p = 0.001) are the influencing factors of postoperative delirium in urologic patients undergoing sevoflurane anaesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Age, history of diabetes, operation time, ASA classification and sevoflurane inhalation concentration are the influencing factors.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci are the main causes of bacterial meningitis in duck.

Since September 2018, serious meningitis has been found on some breeding-duck farms in Shandong Province, China. A large number of ducks exhibit severe neurological symptoms. The ducks were randomly selected for laboratory testing. Duck brain samples were collected using standard sterile techniques, and the staphylococci isolates were detected in 404 (70.14%) out of 576 brain samples. A total of 525 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) strains were isolated, including 6 species: Staphylococcus sciuri (S. sciuri) (67.24%, 353/525), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) (9.71%, 51/525), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) (8.38%, 44/525), Staphylococcus lentus (S. lentus) (7.62%, 40/525), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (S. haemolyticus) (2.48%, 13/525), and Staphylococcus xylosus (S. xylosus) (4.57%, 24/525). Mixed strain infections were detected in 121 (29.95%) infected presentations. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that 40.38% of the isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance, and 53.90% of the strains were methicillin-resistant strains by amplification of the methicillin resistance gene (mecA) gene. Through experimental reproduction of the disease, we determined that the CoNS strains were the leading pathogens causing bacterial meningitis in ducks. Although these CoNS strains does not directly cause the death of sick ducks, they still cause large economic losses due to the retarded growth and development of the sick ducks, lower feed returns, and lower grades of processed duck products. The results of this study will contribute to our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of CoNS and be helpful in the prevention and treatment of the infection.

Ferroptosis in cancer: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.

Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death characterized by the lethal accumulation of iron-dependent membrane-localized lipid peroxides. It acts as an innate tumor suppressor mechanism and participates in the biological processes of tumors. Intriguingly, mesenchymal and dedifferentiated cancer cells, which are usually resistant to apoptosis and traditional therapies, are exquisitely vulnerable to ferroptosis, further underscoring its potential as a treatment approach for cancers, especially for refractory cancers. However, the impact of ferroptosis on cancer extends beyond its direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. Ferroptosis induction not only inhibits cancer but also promotes cancer development due to its potential negative impact on anticancer immunity. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the role of ferroptosis in cancer is crucial for the successful translation of ferroptosis therapy from the laboratory to clinical applications. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advancements in understanding ferroptosis in cancer, covering molecular mechanisms, biological functions, regulatory pathways, and interactions with the tumor microenvironment. We also summarize the potential applications of ferroptosis induction in immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy, as well as ferroptosis inhibition for cancer treatment in various conditions. We finally discuss ferroptosis markers, the current challenges and future directions of ferroptosis in the treatment of cancer.

Large isolated fibrous tumors in the upper esophagus: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) are rare spindle cell tumors that are usually benign. A total of 10 cases of SFTs in the upper esophagus have ever been reported. Here, we report the anesthetic management of a patient with a large isolated fibrous tumor of the upper esophagus compressing the tracheal membrane. We also provide a literature review of the current research. CASE SUMMARY: We report the case of a 49 year old male with "cough aggravation and wheezing after exercise", who underwent esophagectomy for a large isolated fibrous tumor compressing the tracheal membrane in the upper esophagus. We advise the use of a single-lumen tube with a blocker in patients with difficult airways to reduce the incidence of airway injury and fibrinoscopy at all stages of the perioperative period to guide airway management. This case study is the first report of the anesthetic management of a large, isolated fibrous tumor compressing the tracheal membrane in the upper esophagus. CONCLUSION: This rare case emphasizes the importance of perioperative management of anesthesia in patients with large isolated fibrous tumors of the upper esophagus that compress the tracheal membrane. The use of blocker reduce the incidence of airway injury and fibrinoscopy at the perioperative period to guide airway management.

A von-Neumann-like photonic processor and its application in studying quantum signature of chaos.

Photonic quantum computation plays an important role and offers unique advantages. Two decades after the milestone work of Knill-Laflamme-Milburn, various architectures of photonic processors have been proposed, and quantum advantage over classical computers has also been demonstrated. It is now the opportune time to apply this technology to real-world applications. However, at current technology level, this aim is restricted by either programmability in bulk optics or loss in integrated optics for the existing architectures of processors, for which the resource cost is also a problem. Here we present a von-Neumann-like architecture based on temporal-mode encoding and looped structure on table, which is capable of multimode-universal programmability, resource-efficiency, phase-stability and software-scalability. In order to illustrate these merits, we execute two different programs with varying resource requirements on the same processor, to investigate quantum signature of chaos from two aspects: the signature behaviors exhibited in phase space (13 modes), and the Fermi golden rule which has not been experimentally studied in quantitative way before (26 modes). The maximal program contains an optical interferometer network with 1694 freely-adjustable phases. Considering current state-of-the-art, our architecture stands as the most promising candidate for real-world applications.

Synthesis and anti-liver fibrosis activity of imidazole and thiazole compounds containing amino acids.

Four series of imidazoles (15a-g, 20c, and 20d) and thiazoles (18a-g, 22a, and 22b) possessing various amino acids were synthesized and evaluated for activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) inhibitory activities in an enzymatic assay. Among them, compounds 15g and 18c showed the highest inhibitory activity against ALK5, with IC50 values of 0.017 and 0.025 µM, respectively. Compounds 15g and 18c efficiently inhibited extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in TGF-ß-induced hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and eventually suppressed HSC activation. Moreover, compound 15g showed a good pharmacokinetic (PK) profile with a favorable half-life (t1/2 = 9.14 h). The results indicated that these compounds exhibited activity targeting ALK5 and may have potential in the treatment of liver fibrosis; thus they are worthy of further study.

Multiscale nanoengineering fabrication of air electrode catalysts in rechargeable Zn-air batteries.

The development of cost-effective, high-activity and stable catalysts to accelerate the sluggish kinetics of cathodic oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER) plays a critical part in commercialization application of rechargeable Zn-air batteries (RZABs). Herein, a multiscale nanoengineering strategy is developed to simultaneously stabilize Co-doped Fe nanoparticles originated from metal-organic framework-derived approach and atomic Fe/Co sites derived from metal nanoparticle-atomized way on N-doped hierarchically tubular porous carbon substrate. Thereinto, metal nanoparticles and single atoms are respectively used to expedite the OER and ORR. Consequently, the final material is acted as an oxygen electrode catalyst, displaying 0.684 V of OER/ORR potential gap, 260 mW cm-2 of peak power density for liquid-state RZAB, 110 mW cm-2 of peak power density for solid-state RZAB, and 1000 charge-discharge cycles without decay, which confirms great potential for energy storage and conversion applications.

Clinical value of the expression levels of tumor protein D52 and miR-133a on prognosis assessment of pancreatic cancer surgery.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of the expression levels of tumor protein D52 (TPD52) and miR-133a on the prognosis assessment of pancreatic cancer surgery. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Ninety-seven patients who underwent radical surgery for pancreatic cancer in Cangzhou Central Hospital from January 2018 to January 2022 were selected and divided into four groups: TPD52 high expression group, TPD52 low expression group, miR-133a high expression group and miR-133a low expression group. The relationship between the expression levels of TPD52 and miR-133a and the clinicopathological features of patients with pancreatic cancer was analyzed. The COX regression model was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. Results: The high expression rate of TPD52 and the low expression rate of miR-133a in pancreatic cancer tissues were higher than those in normal paracancerous tissues(P<0.05). Based on the comparison of prognosis and survival, the median survival time of patients with high expression of TPD52 and low expression of miR-133a was lower than that of patients with low expression of TPD52 and high expression of miR-133a, with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Moreover, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that low differentiation of pancreatic cancer, III-IV stage of TNM, high expression of TPD52, as well as low expression of miR-133a were independent risk factors for postoperative survival of patients with pancreatic cancer(P<0.05). Conclusion: TPD52 is expressed at a high level whereas miR-133a at a low level in pancreatic cancer tissues, both of which together with low differentiation of pancreatic cancer and III-IV stage of TNM constitute independent risk factors affecting the surgical prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Direct investigations of the effects of nicardipine on calcium channels of astrocytes by Atomic Force Microscopy.

Calcium channel blockers (CCB) of astrocytes can blockade the calcium ions entry through the voltage gated calcium channels (VGCC), and is widely used in the diseases related with VGCC of astrocytes. But many aspects of the interaction mechanisms between the CCB and VGCC of astrocytes still remain unclear due to the limited resolution of the approaches. Herein the effects of the nicardipine (a type of CCB) on VGCC of astrocytes were investigated at very high spatial, force and electrical resolution by multiple modes of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) directly. The results reveal that after the addition of nicardipine, the recognition signals of VGCC disappeared; the specific unbinding forces vanished; the conductivity of the astrocytes decreased (the current decreased about 2.9 pA and the capacitance was doubled); the surface potential of the astrocytes reduced about 14.2 mV. The results of electrical properties investigations are consistent with the simulation experiments. The relations between these biophysical and biochemical properties of VGCC have been discussed. All these demonstrate that the interactions between nicardipine and VGCC have been studied at nanometer spatial resolution, at picoNewton force resolution and very high electrical signal resolution (pA in current, pF in capacitance and 0.1 mV in surface potential) level. The approaches are considered to be high resolution and high sensitivity, and will be helpful and useful in the further investigations of the effects of other types of CCB on ion channels, and will also be helpful in the investigations of mechanisms and therapy of ion channelopathies.

Acute type a aortic intramural hematoma complicated with preoperative hemopericardium: early and late surgical outcome analyses.

BACKGROUND: Acute type A aortic intramural hematoma (ATAIMH) is a variant of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD), exhibiting an increased risk of hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade. It can be life-threatening without emergency treatment. However, comprehensive studies of the clinical features and surgical outcomes of preoperative hemopericardium in patients with ATAIMH remain scarce. This retrospective study aims to investigate the clinical features and early and late outcomes of patients who underwent aortic repair surgery for ATAIMH complicated with preoperative hemopericardium. METHODS: We investigated 132 consecutive patients who underwent emergency ATAIMH repair at this institution between February 2007 and August 2020. These patients were dichotomized into the hemopericardium (n = 58; 43.9%) and non-hemopericardium groups (n = 74; 56.1%). We compared the clinical demographics, surgical information, postoperative complications, 5-year cumulative survival rates, and freedom from reoperation rates. Furthermore, multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify independent risk factors for patients who underwent re-exploration for bleeding. RESULTS: In the hemopericardium group, 36.2% of patients presented with cardiac tamponade before surgery. Moreover, the hemopericardium group showed higher rates of preoperative shock and endotracheal intubation and was associated with an elevated incidence of intractable perioperative bleeding, necessitating delayed sternal closure for hemostasis. The hemopericardium group exhibited higher blood transfusion volumes and rates of re-exploration for bleeding following surgery. However, the 5-year survival (59.5% vs. 75.0%; P = 0.077) and freedom from reoperation rates (93.3% vs. 85.5%; P = 0.416) were comparable between both groups. Multivariable analysis revealed that hemopericardium, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and delayed sternal closure were the risk factors for bleeding re-exploration. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of hemopericardium in patients with ATAIMH is associated with an elevated incidence of cardiac tamponade and unstable preoperative hemodynamics, which could lead to perioperative bleeding tendencies and high complication rates. However, patients of ATAIMH complicated with hemopericardium undergoing aggressive surgical intervention exhibited long-term surgical outcomes comparable to those without hemopericardium.

Influencing Factors of Delirium during Recovery in Urological Postoperative Patients Undergoing Sevoflurane Anaesthesia

Objective: To analyse the incidence and influencing factors of delirium during recovery in urological postoperative patients undergoing sevoflurane anaesthesia. Methods: The clinical data of patients undergoing sevoflurane anaesthesia in the urology surgery department in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were retrospectively analysed. The incidence of delirium during the recovery period was recorded by using the Chinese version of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) for Severity of Delirium after surgery, and the patients were divided into occurrence and non-occurrence groups. Whether delirium occurred during recovery was determined through univariate analysis. In binary logistic regression analysis, the occurrence of emergence delirium was the dependent variable, and the variables with statistical differences in the univariate analysis were the independent variables. The influencing factors of emergence delirium in post-urological surgery patients who underwent sevoflurane anaesthesia were determined. Results: Delirium during recovery occurred in 10 of 100 patients (10.00%). Odds ratio (OR) of age (OR = 1.445, p = 0.022), history of diabetes (OR = 1.798, p = 0.010), operation time (OR = 1.670, p = 0.008), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification (OR = 1.740, p = 0.006) and sevoflurane inhalation concentration (OR = 1.890, p = 0.001) are the influencing factors of postoperative delirium in urologic patients undergoing sevoflurane anaesthesia. Conclusions: Age, history of diabetes, operation time, ASA classification and sevoflurane inhalation concentration are the influencing factors. (AU)